作为一个开发者的你,肯定要修改Magento代码去适应你的业务需求,但是在很多时候我们不希望修改Magento的核心代码,这 里有很多原因,例如将来还希望升级Magento、还想使用更多的Magento代码。如果你正在寻找修改Magento代码的最佳方式,那么此篇文章将 会是一个不错的教程。
适合对象:高级开发者
适合目标:开发者希望自定义修改Magento
当前版本:Magento versions: 1.4.0.1
作者:精东
最后修改时间:2010年7月13日
版本:V 0.3.0
重写Magento模块(Module)
第一步,你需要创建属于你自己代码的命名空间,例如Wemvc,App等,为了方便与大家分享代码,我将空间命名为App。
app/ code/ core/ community/ local/ App/
app/ code/ core/ community/ local/ App/ Catalog/ Block/ Breadcrumbs.php etc/ config.xml
创建文件app/etc/modules/App_All.xml,添加如下代码。
< ?xml version="1.0"?> <config> <modules> <App_Catalog> <active>true</active> <codePool>local</codePool> </App_Catalog> </modules> </config>
重写Magento区块(Blocks)
编辑文件“app/code/local/App/Catalog/etc/config.xml”
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config> <modules> <App_Catalog> <version>0.1.0</version> </App_Catalog> </modules> <global> <blocks> <catalog> <rewrite> <breadcrumbs>App_Catalog_Block_Breadcrumbs</breadcrumbs> </rewrite> </catalog> </blocks> </global> </config>
<blocks> <catalog> <rewrite> <category_view>App_Catalog_Block_Category_View</category_view> </rewrite> </catalog> </blocks>
在breadcrumbs标签中的值是你的类名,这样Magento就可以获取你的类,因为类名与你的目录名一致。用过zend framework的人都知道,自动加载auto loader这个东西,它会跟你类名中的下滑线去你的目录中需要对应的类文件。记住一点,下滑线代表下一级别的文件夹,如果你的类名与你的文件目录名不一 致,那么Magento根本不会理睬你。
举例来说:
App_Catalog_Block_Breadcrumbs → /app/code/local/App/Catalog/Block/Breadcrumbs.php App_Catalog_Block_Category_View → /app/code/local/App/Catalog/Block/Category/View.php
重写Magento控制器(Controller)-正则表达式匹配式
重写Magento控制器我们我们以重写购物车为例。
1、首先在App下创建新的模块,依次创建如下文件:
/app/code/local/App/Shopping /app/code/local/App/Shopping/etc /app/code/local/App/Shopping/etc/config.xml /app/code/local/App/Shopping/controllers /app/code/local/App/Shopping/controllers/CartController.php
<?xml version="1.0"?> <config> <modules> <App_Shopping> <version>0.1.0</version> </App_Shopping> </modules> <global> <!-- This rewrite rule could be added to the database instead --> <rewrite> <!-- This is an identifier for your rewrite that should be unique --> <!-- THIS IS THE CLASSNAME IN YOUR OWN CONTROLLER --> <App_Shopping_cart> <from><![CDATA[#^/checkout/cart/#]]></from> <!-- - Shopping module matches the router frontname below - checkout_cart matches the path to your controller Considering the router below, "/shopping/cart/" will be "translated" to "/App/Shopping/controllers/CartController.php" (?) --> <to>/shopping/cart/</to> </App_Shopping_cart> </rewrite> </global> <!-- If you want to overload an admin-controller this tag should be <admin> instead, or <adminhtml> if youre overloading such stuff (?) --> <frontend> <routers> <App_Shopping> <!-- should be set to "admin" when overloading admin stuff (?) --> <use>standard</use> <args> <module>App_Shopping</module> <!-- This is used when "catching" the rewrite above --> <frontName>shopping</frontName> </args> </App_Shopping> </routers> </frontend> </config>
< ?php # 控制器不会自动加载,所以我们需要包含文件,这里与区块(Block)不一样 require_once 'Mage/Checkout/controllers/CartController.php'; class App_Shopping_CartController extends Mage_Checkout_CartController { #覆写indexAction方法 public function indexAction() { # Just to make sure error_log('耶~成功重写购物车!'); parent::indexAction(); } }
4、修改App_All.xml,激活我们新的Shopping模块
<?xml version="1.0"?> <config> <modules> <App_Catalog> <active>true</active> <codePool>local</codePool> </App_Catalog> <App_Shopping> <active>true</active> <codePool>local</codePool> </App_Shopping> </modules> </config>
5、修改视图文件app/design/frontend/[myinterface]/[mytheme]/layout/checkout.xml
在layout标签中,添加下面内容:
<app_shopping_cart_index> <update handle="checkout_cart_index"/> </app_shopping_cart_index>
到这里基本大功告成,但是,我建议你学习下正则表达式,因为刚刚的代码中,有这么一段:
<from>< ![CDATA[#^/checkout/cart/#]]></from>
还有一点,经过尝试,这里是可以支持同模块名覆盖的,例如Magento代码中商品详情页是Mage_Catalog_ProductController::viewAction(),如果我们想重写这个Controller,我们可以这样做:
a.简历新的目录/app/code/local/App/Catalog/controllers/ProductController.php
代码如下:
require_once 'Mage/Catalog/controllers/ProductController.php';/**
- Product controller
- @category Mage
- @package Mage_Catalog
/
class App_Catalog_ProductController extends Mage_Catalog_ProductController
{
/*- View product action
*/
public function viewAction()
{
echo ‘覆盖过的….’;
parent::viewAction();
}
}
- View product action
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config> <modules> <App_Catalog> <version>0.1.0</version> </App_Catalog> </modules> <global> <!-- This rewrite rule could be added to the database instead --> <rewrite> <!-- This is an identifier for your rewrite that should be unique --> <!-- THIS IS THE CLASSNAME IN YOUR OWN CONTROLLER --> <App_Shopping_cart> <from><![CDATA[#^/catalog/product/#]]></from> <!-- - Shopping module matches the router frontname below - checkout_cart matches the path to your controller Considering the router below, "/shopping/cart/" will be "translated" to "/App/Shopping/controllers/CartController.php" (?) --> <to>/catalog/product/</to> </App_Shopping_cart> </rewrite> <blocks> <catalog> <rewrite> <breadcrumbs>App_Catalog_Block_Breadcrumbs</breadcrumbs> </rewrite> </catalog> </blocks> </global> <frontend> <routers> <catalog> <use>standard</use> <args> <module>App_Catalog</module> <frontName>catalog</frontName> </args> </catalog> </routers> </frontend> </config>
<?xml version="1.0"?> <config> <modules> <App_Mycms> <version>0.1.0</version> </App_Mycms> </modules> <frontend> <routers> <mycms> <use>standard</use> <args> <module>App_Mycms</module> <frontName>mycms</frontName> </args> </mycms> </routers> </frontend> <global> <routers> <cms> <rewrite> <index> <to>App_Mycms/index</to> <override_actions>true</override_actions> <actions> <noroute><to>App_Mycms/index/noroute</to></noroute> </actions> </index> </rewrite> </cms> </routers> </global> </config>
重写Magento模型和动作助手(Model&Helper)
我们在改写Magento的过程中,为了实现自己的业务逻辑,难免要改它的业务模型。你可以尝试用模块下的配置文件配置你自己的类,继承你想重写的模型或者助手,然后调用自己的类。现在我们以用户模型为例深入讲解。
a.首先创建自己的模块文件夹
app/code/local/App/Customer app/code/local/App/Customer/etc/config.xml app/code/local/App/Customer/Model app/code/local/App/Customer/Model/Customer.php
<App_Customer> <active>true</active> <codePool>local</codePool> </App_Customer>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config> <modules> <App_Customer> <version>0.1.0</version> </App_Customer> </modules><global> <models> <customer> <rewrite> <customer>App_Customer_Model_Customer</customer> </rewrite> </customer> </models> </global>
</config>
class App_Customer_Model_Customer extends Mage_Customer_Model_Customer { // 重写已存在的方法 public function validate() { // Define new validate rules. From now magento call this validate method instead of existing method //return $errors; return true; }// 你还可以创建新的方法 public function newMethod() { // function logic }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config> <modules> <App_Customer> <version>0.1.0</version> </App_Customer> </modules><global> <models> <customer> <rewrite> <customer>App_Customer_Model_Customer</customer> <address>App_Customer_Model_Address</address> </rewrite> </customer> </models> </global>
</config>
class App_Customer_Model_Address extends Mage_Customer_Model_Address { // 重写已存在的方法 public function validate() { // Define new validate rules. From now magento call this validate method instead of existing method //return $errors; return true; }// 你还可以创建新的方法 public function newMethod() { // function logic }
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config> <modules> <App_Customer> <version>0.1.0</version> </App_Customer> </modules><global> <models> <customer> <rewrite> <customer>App_Customer_Model_Customer</customer> <address>App_Customer_Model_Address</address> </rewrite> </customer> <customer_entity> <rewrite> <address>App_Customer_Model_Entity_Address</address> </rewrite> </customer_entity> </models> </global>
</config>
class App_Customer_Model_Entity_Address extends Mage_Customer_Model_Entity_Address { protected function _afterSave(Varien_Object $address) { // Write your code } }
总结
在本章中我们学习了如何重写模块、重写控制器、重写区块,以及如何重写模型和助手,基本重写Magento代码对你来说已经不是难事了。文章至此, 要恭喜你,你已经掌握了大部分修改Magento的技能。下面的文章我们会进行更深入的研究。最后感谢所有Sasacake Team Member,是他们对待工作的热情和责任感促使我写这些教程。